Criminal law in India is governed by the Indian Penal Code, along with other relevant laws, and is enforced by law enforcement agencies such as the police, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), and the National Investigation Agency (NIA).
The Indian Penal Code (IPC) contains laws related to criminal offences such as murder, theft, cheating, criminal breach of trust, forgery, offences against the state, and various other offences. The IPC is based on the principle of criminal liability, which means that a person is liable for punishment only if their act or omission is an offence under the law.
The Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) provides the procedure for the investigation, arrest, trial, and punishment of an accused in a criminal case. The CrPC lays down the procedure to be followed by the police, courts, and other agencies involved in a criminal case.
The Indian Evidence Act provides for the admissibility of evidence in a court of law, and sets out the conditions and procedures under which evidence can be presented and accepted in a criminal case.
Other relevant laws include the Prevention of Corruption Act, Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, and the Juvenile Justice Act, which deal with specific offences and categories of accused persons.
In India, the burden of proof lies with the prosecution, and the accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty. The courts follow the principle of natural justice and ensure a fair trial to the accused, and punishments are awarded based on the severity of the offence committed.
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